2014-Nov-1st-MBBS-Instant

Describe the Axillary artery under the following headings

1. Course
2. Relations
3. Branches
4. Applied aspects

      2+4+2+2=10

Describe the internal capsule under the following heads

1. Parts
2. Relations
3. Fiber components
4. Arterial supply
5. Applied anatomy

1+2+3+2+2=10

WRITE SHORT NOTES ON:

5x4=20

Tentorium cerebelli

Anatomical snuff box

Visual cortex

Histology of skeletal muscle

Development of the tongue

WRITE BRIEFLY ON:

5x2=10

Piriform recess

Formation and distribution of ansa cervicalis              

List the branches of medial cord of brachial plexus

Name the muscles forming rotator cuff

Name any four Carpal Bones

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Describe the arterial supply, venous drainage and nerve supply of the heart.

4+3+3=10

Describe the Uterus under the following headings:

1. Normal position
2. Parts with relations
3. Supports
4. Embryologic development

1+4+3+2=10

WRITE SHORT NOTES ON:

5x4=20

Lesser omentum

Histology of the kidney

Deep peroneal nerve

Cruciate ligaments of the knee joint

Portacaval anastomoses

WRITE BRIEFLY ON:

5x2=10

Sex chromosomes

Down’s syndrome

Costodiaphragmatic recess of pleura

Embryologic development of the suprarenal gland

Cystic artery

Describe the process of β (beta) – oxidation of fatty acids.  Add a note on the energetics of the pathway.

7+3=10

A 6 year boy was taken to the hospital by his mother with complaints of decreased vision in the night.  The doctor suspected a possible vitamin A deficiency.  Describe in detail the sources, RDA, functions and deficiency manifestation of the deficient nutrient.  What other clinical features, the doctor has to look for in this case and what advice should be given?

1+1+3+3+2=10

WRITE SHORT NOTES ON:

5x4=20

Describe briefly the hormonal regulation of blood glucose levels.

Draw a plot of Competitive enzyme inhibition.  Give 2 examples of competitive inhibitors.

Briefly explain the following:

1. Specific Dynamic Action
2. Glycemic index

Describe the clinical significance of the following enzymes:

1.  LDH  ii)  Alkaline phosphatase  iii) Creatine kinase

iv)  Amylase   v)  Alanine transaminase

Give an outline of the electron transport chain including ATP generating sites

WRITE BRIEFLY ON:

5x2=10

Absolute specificity enzymes

Altered CNS behavior in patients with advanced liver disease.

Ethanol is administered in patients with methanol poisoning

Mention functions of  Hemoglobinopathies

Lactose intolerance

A 15 year old boy complained of swelling and pain in the distal phalangeal joints.  Blood investigation showed the following results.

Blood urea             : 15 mg%

Serum uric acid      :  16 mg%

On diagnosing the pathology, the physician decided to treat patient with allopurinol

i) What is your probable diagnosis in the above patient?

ii) Which 2 other blood investigations would you suggest?

iii)Comment on the serum uric acid level and explain the

    cause of pain in joints.

iv) What is the biochemical explanation for the treatment

    given in the above patient?

1+1+4+4=10

Discuss the metabolism of glycine under the following headings.

i) Synthesis   ii)  Catabolism 

 iii) Specialized compounds synthesized

3+3+4=10

WRITE SHORT NOTES ON:

5x4=20

Explain the absorption, transport and storage of dietary iron in the body.

Give an account of post transcription modifications

Describe PCR with diagram and list out two uses of it.

Compare and contrast (1 similarity and 2 differences) DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase

Compare and contrast (1 similarity and 2 differences) prehepatic and post hepatic jaundice

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5x2=10

Azaserine is used as an anticancer agent

Wilson’s disease

Oxalates in diet inhibit absorption of iron and calcium

Metabolic acidosis

Serum alpha fetoprotein and carcinoembryonic antigen

Describe the following aspects of coronary blood flow:

1. Phasic flow
2. Metabolic regulation
3. Evidences of myocardial ischemia

3+3+4=10

2)

Describe the uptake, transport and delivery of oxygen.

2+6+2=10

WRITE SHORT NOTES ON:

5x4=20

3)

Abnormalities of hemoglobin synthesis

4)

Mismatched blood transfusion

5)

Role of esophageal sphincters

6)

Voluntary micturition

7)

Creatinine clearance

WRITE BRIEFLY ON:

5x2=10

8)

Loop diuretics

9)

Sinus arrhythmia

10)

Transcellular fluid

     11)  

Role of gastrin

     12)

Define active transport.  Write the factors affecting it giving examples.

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Describe the connections and functions of prefrontal lobe.  List the effects of its lesion.

6+4=10

Describe the hormonal regulation of calcium metabolism

6+4=10

WRITE SHORT NOTES ON:

5x4=20

Visual pathway and effects of its lesions at various levels

Cochlear microphonics

Pyramidal tract and effect of its lesion at internal capsule

Acromegaly

Puberty

WRITE BRIEFLY ON:

5x2=10

Rigor mortis

Principle of immunological test of pregnancy

Functions of placenta

Dark adaptations

Physiological importance of olfaction

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