The goal of MD Course in Anatomy is to produce a competent anatomist who has comprehensive knowledge of all aspects of anatomy (gross, microscopic, development, clinical applications, and recent advances) and related topics of other specialties The MS Anatomy degree is structured for those who wish to enhance their eligibility for entry to professional schools. This is a 1-year non-thesis program of study of cadaveric dissection-based gross anatomy, embryology, cell biology and histology, and neuroscience leading to a Master of Science degree in Anatomy. It is designed specifically for candidates who plan to attend medical school, or dental school, or enroll in other professional or advanced degree programs; it serves to improve credentials to compete for admission to a medical or dental school.

The degree program offers a carefully designed curriculum that includes taking classes with medical students, participating in a learning experience that closely models the medical school environment (small group teaching and learning, problem-based learning, team-based learning, simulation, virtual microscopy, dissection-based anatomy). A small class size is maintained for students to maximize the small-group teaching environment. Students in the MS program take anatomy and histology courses alongside first year medical students at Tulane Medical School. All other graduate courses are taught within the School of Medicine by full time Medical School faculty

 

P.G. Curriculum 

                              M.S. Anatomy Index

• Goals Objectives 
• Syllabus       
• Teaching programme
• Posting
• Thesis
•  Assessment
• Job responsibilities
• Suggested books
• Model Test Papers

 

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Curriculum 

M.S. Anatomy

 

• The infrastructure and facilities will be as per MCI guidelines.

 

1. Goals 

• The goal of MD Course in Anatomy is to produce a competent anatomist who has comprehensive knowledge of all aspects of anatomy (gross, microscopic, development, clinical applications, and recent advances) and related topics of other specialties.

 

2. Objectives

•  To make a good undergraduate teacher
•  To make a good research worker
• To motivate and devise innovative teaching and research strategies in order to collaborate in integrated teaching and research
• To inculcate the habit of self learning and keeping abreast with current developments and latest equipment to be harnessed to improve teaching methodology

 

3. Syllabus 

3.1 Theory

3.1.1 Gross Anatomy

• Entire human body through dissection, specimens, prosections, bones; Surgical anatomy and Sectional anatomy 

 

 General Anatomy

Introduction; Skin  with appendages - functions and applied; Fascia- superficial and deep, functions and applied; General classification of bones & cartilage including examples, functions and applied; General classification of joints with general features, examples, movements and applied; General classification of muscles - features, function, examples and applied including myophysiology; General anatomy of cardiovascular system- arteries, veins, capillaries, end arteries , functions and applied; Lymphatic system – functions and applied; Nervous system- including relevant neurophysiology and General principles of radiology

 

 Skeletal System/Osteology

General: including  Exo-skeleton and  Endo-skeleton

 Classification:

 Morphological - types, distribution and functions 

 Structural- types, distribution and function

 Developmental- types, distribution and function

 Microscopic - types, distribution and function

 Regional - distribution

 

 Bone grafts

•  Important diseases and disorders of bones
•  Mechanism of fracture healing

 

 Region wise   Trunk: 

• Vertebral column – curvature- normal, abnormal. Line of centre of gravity in an articulated full skeleton
• Intervertebral disc - structure, function
• Vertebrae - typical, atypical, parts of vertebra, special  features of all  vertebrae, articulations, blood supply and clinical importance
• Sternum – special emphasis on developmental correlation with applied o Attachments on all bones
• Clinical applications including weight transmission

 

 Thoracic cage: o Inlet, outlet  o Joints of the thoracic cage

• Attachments

 

 Pelvis: o Anatomical position o Parts  o Difference between male and female pelvis with types.

• Articulations  o Attachments o Vascular and nervous supply o Pelvimetry

 

 Limbs: 

• Identification of bones o Anatomical position  o Parts  o Articulations  o Attachments  o Bones in an articulated hand and foot o Individual bones including ossification o Vascular and nervous supply o Clinical correlation

 

   Head and Neck o Skull:  

• 1. Identification of parts in all the views of the skull
  2. Identification, classification  and distribution of sutures, wormian bones 
  3. Identification of foramina and structures passing through them 
  4. Age changes in skull
  5. Individual skull bones vi.       Clinical correlation
• Mandible:  
  1. Parts 
  2. Age changes iii. Articulations 

• 4. Attachments, important relations
  5. Vascular and nervous supply
  6. Clinical correlation
• Hyoid bone  o Cartilages of larynx
• Bony middle and internal ear, ear ossicles

 

 Arthrology

 Definition and Classification of joints

 Region wise

All joints of the body- large and small

1. Bones taking part
2. Articular cartilage
3. Capsule and its thickenings
4. Ligaments 
5. Synovial membrane (if applicable)
6. Intra capsular structures (if any)
7. Structure, nutrition of articular cartilage and its significance
8. Innervation 
9. Blood supply
10. Movements with muscles responsible for such movements
11. Relations
12. Applied anatomy

 

 Regional Anatomy

 Upper Limb

1. Introduction to upper limb                                          
2. Pectoral Region, Breast                                                                     
3. Axilla                                                             
4. Scapular Region 
5. Arm & Cubital Fossa
6. Forearm & hand
7. Joints of upper limb
8. Nerves, Dermatomes and Nerve Injuries 
9. Applied anatomy of each region
10. Sectional Anatomy
11. Recent advances

 

 Lower Limb

 

1. Introduction to Lower Limb                               
2. Thigh       
3. Gluteal region
4. Popliteal fossa                                                                         

5. Leg & dorsum of foot                                                                                        
6. Sole                   
7. Venous drainage & lymphatic drainage of lower limb
8. Joints of lower limb
9. Arches of foot
10. Nerves , dermatomes and nerve injuries
11. Applied anatomy of each region
12. Sectional anatomy 
13. Recent advances          

 

 Thorax

1. Introduction to thorax 
2. Walls of thorax & Respiratory Movement                                      
3. Thoracic cavity                                                         
4. Lung with Pleura                                          
5. Heart with Pericardium 
6. Mediastinum- subdivisions, detailed contents and applied
7. Joints of thorax                                             
8. Applied aspects of all regions including bypass surgeries and stents
9. Sectional Anatomy
10. Recent advances     

 

 Abdomen and Pelvis

1. Introduction of Abdomen and pelvis                         
2. Abdominal walls including fascia
3. Vessels of Abdomen and pelvis                               
4. Peritoneal cavity including details of fossae, sub-phrenic spaces,

peritoneal bands

5. Viscera of abdominal cavity                                                              
6. Diaphragm including details of diaphragmatic hernias       
7. vii.      Nerves of abdomen and pelvis                                   

8. Female reproductive system                                                 
9. Male reproductive system                                                     
10. Urinary system           
11. Perineum                                                                                                         
12. Pelvic diaphragm                                                                
13. Joints of abdomen and pelvis                                             

xiv. Sectional anatomy of abdomen and pelvis                                                

 xv. Applied anatomy of all regions of abdomen and pelvis    

 xvi.Recent advances                                                                                    

 

 Head and Neck

i.        Scalp & face 

ii Cervical fascia                                                                         

3. General arrangement of triangles of neck  with contents
4. Cranial cavity                                                              
5. Vertebral canal                                                                       
6. Orbit                                                     
7. Parotid region                                                                         
8. Submandibular region                                    
9. Temporal & infratemporal fossa                               
10. Lymph nodes & lymphatic drainage of head & neck          
11. Deep structures in neck                                 
12. Nose and paranasal sinuses
13. Tongue                                                                                    
14. xiv.     Mouth and Pharynx                                         
15. xv.      Larynx                                                              

xvi.        Ear                                                                             

 xvii.    Eyeball                                                               

18. Sympathetic chain and cranial nerves                               
19. Vessels of head & neck      
20. Joints of head and neck
21. Applied anatomy of all regions of head and neck
22. Sectional anatomy of head and neck
23. Recent advances                                                     

 

3.1.2  Microanatomy 

• Knowledge of tissues of the body in order to correlate structure with functions nd to know all about procedures of studying microanatomy including ultra structure.
• Cells and organelles including ultrastructure 
• Cell junctions

 Epithelial tissue-I :  Simple -Types. Distribution and functions including ultrastructure .Compound- Types. Distribution and functions including ultrastructure

 Epithelial tissue-II: Glandular epithelium including ultrastructure & function

 Classification of connective tissue, distribution and components 

 Connective tissue I: loose areolar, elastic, collagenous and adipose

 Connective tissue-II: Cartilage - hyaline, elastic, fibro

 Connective tissue-III: Bone - compact and cancellous

 Connective tissue-IV: Blood

 Lymphoid-tissue/Immune system-I: classification, cells, histocompatibility 

 Antigens,mononuclear phagocytic system,antigen presenting cells

 Lymphoid tissue/Immune system-II: Lymphoid tissues and organs- classification, origin, functions and clinical aspects

 Muscular tissue: smooth, striated, cardiac and myoepithelial cells

 Nervous Tissue: different types of neurons, neuroglia, spinal cord, spinal and sympathetic ganglia, nerve, cerebral cortex, cerebellar cortex.

 Digestive system-I: oral cavity, lip, tongue, taste buds and salivary glands   Digestive system-II: oesophagus, stomach -fundus, body & pylorus

 Digestive system-III: duodenum, jejunum, ileum, appendix, colon and rectum

 Digestive system-IV: liver, gall bladder and pancreas

 Urinary system: kidney, ureters, urinary bladder and urethra

 Male reproductive system: testis, epididymis, vas deferens, prostate, seminal vesicle, penis

 Female reproductive system-I: ovary, fallopian tube, uterus, cervix and vagina

 Female reproductive system-II: mammary gland lactating, non -lactating; placenta, umbilical cord

 Integumentary system

 Respiratory system-I: upper respiratory tract 

 Respiratory system-II: lower respiratory tract 

 Cardio vascular system: arteries, arterioles, capillaries, veins, sinusoids,  heart, conducting system

 Endocrine organs-I: pituitary, pineal, endocrine tissues in pancreas, testis and ovary

 Endocrine organs-II: thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal

 Special sense organs: Eye - eye lid, retina, cornea and sclerocorneal junction, ear with special reference to internal ear

 Parachromaffin system

 

3.1.3. Developmental anatomy including genetics

• Knowledge of all the developmental sequences from conception to birth and further morphological changes throughout life; Critical periods and times of attainment of functions of growing/developing organs/systems; Correlate congenital anomaly with development; Anatomical basis of contraception and road to health progress in growth and development in view of national programs of MCH and  Genetics-Chromosomes and chromosome abnormalities, Single gene disorders.Polygenic Disorders, Mutation and human disease, Genes in Populations and genetic counseling, Genetic techniques e.g. Karyotyping and other recent advances.

 

3.1.3.1. GENERAL EMBRYOLOGY

 Introduction: Male and female reproductive system, testis and ovary, migration of primordial germ cells into gonadal ridge, definition of gametes, knowledge of histogenesis and organogenesis of various systems

•  Ovum, oogenesis, growth of ovarian follicles and uterine cycle, ovulation.
• Sperm, spermatogenesis, spermiogenesis, normal sperm count and abnormal conditions.
•  Principles of family planning and sex determination.

 

 First Two Weeks of Development

•  Fertilization process, in vitro fertilization, cleavage, blastocyst formation.

 Implantation - types, formation of decidua, its subdivisions and abnormal implantation.

•  Formation of Embryoblast and trophoblast, bilaminar germ disc. Trophoblast development,  formation of cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast.
•  Amniotic membrane, Yolk sac, Extra embryonic mesoderm, Extraembryonic coelom, connecting stalk, chorion, formation of prochordal plate.

 

 Third Week of Development

•  Embryoblast - primitive streak, node, formation of intra - embryonic mesoderm, Trilaminar germ disc, notochord, buccopharyngeal and cloacal membranes, pericardial bar.
•  Trophoblast - secondary yolk sac, intra - embryonic coelom and allantoic diverticulum, intra - embryonic mesoderm, division, derivatives of Ectoderm, endoderm, mesoderm.

 

 

 

 Fourth to Eighth Week of Development

•  Formation of somites, neural tube, cephalo - caudal folding and lateral foldings of embryo, formation of gut and its subdivisions, vitelline duct.

 

 Foetal Membranes, Placenta

•  Formation, functions, features, types,circulation, abnormalities of placenta and placental barrier.
•  Umbilical cord, Amnion, Amniotic fluid its function, chorion leavae, decidua, Amniocentesis.
•  External appearance during second month, crown - rump length, crown head length, estimation of age and growth of foetus.

 Twins - formation, types, conjoint twins, multiple pregnancies.

 Causative factors for congenital malformations - Teratogens.

 

3.1.3.2. SYSTEMIC EMBRYOLOGY

•   Development of skeletal system and muscular system.   Development of body cavities and serous membranes.
•   Development of digestive system. 
•   Rotation of gut,liver and pancreas, development of hindgut.
•   Development of urinary system.
•   Development of genital system in male.
•   Development of genital system in female.
•   Development of heart loop, formation of chambers.
•   Heart, septal development and valves.
•   Development of arteries, normal, abnormal.
•   Development of veins, birth defects.
•   Development of pharyngeal arches, structures developed from it.
•   Pharyngeal pouches, clefts.
•   Development of Face, oral cavity, palate.
•   Development of respiratory system.
•   Development of nervous system.
•   Development of Special sense organs. 
•   Development of glands – Exocrine and endocrine.
•   Mammary gland development.
•  Special reference to vulnerable periods with respect to each system.
•  Congenital malformations associated with each system
•  Recent advances

 

3.1.3.3. Genetics

Human genetics and its subdivisions; 

 Cytogenetics; chromosomal study- classification, methods to study chromosomes, behaviour of chromosomes during cell division, mutations and abnormal chromosomes.

 Molecular genetics-DNA organization of chromosomes, molecular structure of nucleic acids, classification of DNA & RNA, gene and genetic code, types of genes, genetic control on protien biosynthesis, penetrance and expressivity.

 Eugenetics- clinical application of principles of heredity.

 Physiological genetics- Normal functions of various organelles of cell controlled by genes.

 Population genetics and twinning.

 Biochemical genetics including metabolic disorders governed by genes.

 Experimental genetics- Technologies of genetic engineering and recombinant DNA

 Clinical genetics

 For population 

1. Hardy-Weinberg rule, factors altering this equilibrium for e.g. mutation, selection and balance between selection and mutation, genetic heterogeneity, genetic drift.
2. Dermatoglyphics
3. Pedigree charting
4. Karyotyping- autosomal dominance - autosomal recessive, X- linked recessive ,X linked dominance, Y - linked inheritance , polygenic inheritance.

 Prenatal and post natal diagnosis of genetic disorders-Evolving technologies for genomic analysis

1. Procedures- maternal serum, amniocentesis, chorionic villous biopsy
2. Techniques- Flourescence in situ hybridization(FISH)
   1. Spectral Karyotyping (SKY)
   2. RNA localization
   3. Molecular diagnosis for prevalent diseases in Punjab e.g

Thalessemia- PCR-ARMS technique, Reverse Dot Blot technique, Alpha thalessemia deletion analysis and sequencing analysis and other recent advances.

 

 Gene Therapy

• Genetic counselling- preventive and social health promotional measures in problems of genetic disorders. Matters pertaining to causation, incidence, risk of recurrence, radiation hazards, mutant viral strains are dealt with.

 

3.1.4. Neuroanatomy

• Knowledge of nervous system along with skill for ele

   Have skill to look up references from journals and present seminars. 

   Have Computer skills.

   Candidates will be expected to be familiar with standard methods of preparing a bibliography and for preparing manuscripts and illustrations for publications.

  cting functions of various parts and solve neurological problems.

 Introduction: evolution - centralization - encephalization - development - tube derivatives - crest derivatives – subdivisions.

 Cells of the nervous System: - neurons  - nerve fibres - neuroglia - functions – synapse.

 Peripheral nervous System: - spinal nerves - plexus formation, Nerve endings - Receptors – Effectors.

 Autonomic nervous System: Introduction - Subdivisions - distribution – ganglia – route of supply to all end organs- functions and clinical applications.

 Central nervous System: Spinal cord - morphology - external - internal - sections - sacral - lumbar - thoracic - cervical - grey matter & cells - white matter & tracts -central canal - covering - blood supply - applied anatomy - lumbar puncture - lesions.

 Brain Stem :Medulla Oblongata (closed) - external features - internal features - sections - motor decussation - sensory decussation - central canal, blood supply, leisons.

 Medulla Oblongata (Open) :external features - internal features - sections - floor of IV ventricle - nuclei of cranial nerves - inferior cerebellar peduncle - blood supply - lesions.

 Pons :external features - internal features - floor of IV ventricle - nuclei - middle  cerebellar peduncle - blood supply – lesions.

 Mid brain :external features - internal features - sections - IC level - SC level - aqueduct - nuclei - superior cerebellar peduncle, blood supply, leisons

 Cerebellum :subdivisions with functional and evolutionary correlations -

structure ,white matter - submerged nuclear masses – structural organization -blood supply - lesions.

 Functional columns of nuclei.

 Thalamic Complex :subdivisions and functions - hypothalamus - meta

thalamus - epi thalamus - sub thalamus - blood supply, leisons.

 Cerebral hemisphere: major subdivisions - functional areas - submerged nuclear masses (basal ganglia) – white matter – structural organization-- blood supply - lesions.

 Limbic System: parts & functions, clinical applications.  Reticular System: parts & functions, clinical applications  Ventricular system of brain and clinical applications.

 Meninges and blood Supply, clinical applications.

 Cerebro spinal fluid: composition,secretion - circulation - drainage – cisterns-clinical applications.

 Cranial nerves : Nuclei, course, distribution, lesions.

•  Ascending and descending pathways of CNS.
•  Sectional anatomy.
• Applied anatomy of all regions with special reference to neurophysiology and neuropharmacology.
•  Recent advances.

 

3.1.5. Radiological  anatomy

• Basics of radiological study of living anatomy and the principles of various procedures eg.X-Rays, ultrasound, CT Scan, MRI,PET, special procedures to visualize viscera and cavities.

 

3.1.6.Forensic anatomy

• Anatomy applicable to forensic medicine with respect to age determination, sexing of bones and other forensic aspects.

 

3.1.7 Comparative anatomy

• Basics of, to explain certain embryological events where ontogeny repeats phylogeny.                 

           

 

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3.2. Practical

3.2.1. Upper Limb

 Bones

•                Clavicle                                                                               
•                Scapula                                                                   
•                Humerus                                                                  
•                Radius                                                                     
•                Ulna                                                                         
•                Articulated Hand        

               Individual bones of hand                                                               

•  Cadaveric dissection 
•  Surface anatomy 
•  Radiological anatomy  
•  Sectional anatomy 

 

 3.2.2. Lower Limb               

 Bones

 Hip Bone 

 Femur

 Patella and other clinically important sesamoid bones

               Tibia                                                                         

 Fibula

 Articulated foot

•  Individual bones of foot

 Cadaveric dissection 

•  Surface anatomy 
•  Radiological anatomy 
•  Sectional anatomy 

            

3.2.3. Thorax

 Bones

 Sternum                                                                                     Ribs                                                                             

               Vertebra                                                                                                               

 Cadaveric dissection 

•  Surface anatomy 
•  Radiological anatomy 
•   Sectional anatomy

                 

3.2.4. Abdomen and Pelvis

 Bones

•  Hip bone
•  Lumbar vertebra
•  12th rib
•  Sacrum & coccyx,
•  Bony pelvis- young, adult, old age. Male & female with relevant age                            

 

 Cadaveric dissection 

•  Surface anatomy 
•  Radiological anatomy  
• Sectional anatomy                                                                 

 

3.2.5. Head and Neck

 Bones

•                Norma verticalis                                                      
•                Norma Occipitalis                                                                          
•                Norma frontalis                                                                   
•                Norma lateralis                                                                              
•                Norma Basalis                                                                               
•                Interior of skull                                                                               
•                Cranial cavity                                                                      
•                Cervical vertebra                                                                           
•                Mandible                                                                                        
•                Hyoid bone      
•                Individual skull bones            

 Cartilages of larynx

 Have skill to look up references from journals and present seminars. 

 Have Computer skills.

 Candidates will be expected to be familiar with standard methods of preparing a bibliography and for preparing manuscripts and illustrations for publications.

•                Bony ear and ear ossicles                                                                       

 Cadaveric dissection 

 Surface anatomy   Radiological anatomy   Sectional anatomy

 

 3.2.6. Microanatomy

•  Skills of tissue processing
•  Skills of all equipment, stains and special procedures for staining
• Knowledge of different types of microscopes and their advantages/ disadvantages
• Should be able to identify, draw labelled diagrams and give detailed viva voce on:  Epithelial tissue-I 
•  Simple epithelium
•  Compound epithelium

 Epithelial tissue-II :Glandular epithelium; 

 Connective tissue I :loose areolar; elastic; collagenous; adipose.Blood.

 Connective tissue-II :Cartilage - hyaline, elastic, fibro.

 Connective tissue-III :Bone - compact - cancellous

 Lymphoid tissue/immune system-I :lymph node, spleen, solitary lymphatic nodule  

 Lymphoid tissue/Immune system-II :thymus, tonsil.

 Muscular tissue :smooth ,skeletal & cardiac.

 Nervous Tissue :,spinal cord, spinal and sympathetic ganglia; nerve; cerebral cortex, cerebellar cortex

 Digestive system-I :Oral cavity, lip, tongue, taste buds, salivary glands   Digestive system-II :oesophagus stomach fundus,body &pylorus.

 Digestive system-III :duodenum, jejunum, ileum, appendix, colon, rectum.

 Digestive system-IV :liver, gall bladder, pancreas.

 Urinary system :kidney, ureters, urinary bladder,urethra.

 Male reproductive system :testis, epididymis, vas deferens, prostate, seminal vesicle, penis.

 Female reproductive system-I: ovary, fallopian tube, uterus, cervix and vagina.

 Female reproductive system-II: mammary gland lactating, non -lactating; placenta; umbilical cord.

 Integumentary system:

 Respiratory system-I :Upper respiratory tract 

 Respiratory system-II :Lower respiratory tract 

•  Cardio vascular system :arteries, vein,arterioles,capillaries, sinusoids, heart  Endocrine organs-I :pituitary, pineal, endocrine tissues in pancreas, testis and ovary.

 Endocrine organs-II :thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal.

 Special sense organs :Eye - eye lid, retina, cornea, sclerocorneal junction.

 

3.2.7. DEVELOPMENTAL ANATOMY INCLUDING GENETICS

                 Identification and viva-voce on embryology models pertaining to each         

 Genetics

 Mitosis, Meiosis, Barr Body

•  Stages of mitosis, meiosis are focussed under microscope.
•  To draw and label the different phases of mitosis, meiosis.
•  To draw the Barr body which is demonstrated under microscope. 
• Karyotyping, Clinical Features of Common Genetic Syndromes
• To prepare a karyotype from the xerox copies of numbered G. banded chromosomes.
•  Normal male, female chromosomal spreads are focussed under microscope
•  Observation and writing the clinical features of Down’s sysdromes, Patau’s syndrome, Edward’s syndrome, Klinefelters syndrome, Turner’s syndrome shown in photographs.

 Preparing Pedigree Chart

•  Symbols used for making a pedigree are provided.
•  To make a pedigree considering the student as a proband.

 

3.2.8. Neuroanatomy

•  Cadaveric dissection of all parts 
•  Surface anatomy 
•  Radiological anatomy 
•  Sectional anatomy –transverse, coronal and sagittal

 

3.2.9. SURFACE ANATOMY

• Bony landmarks and projection of various viscera, vessels, nerves on the body surface to gain comprehensive knowledge of clinical anatomy.

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4. Teaching programme

4.1 General principles            

• Acquisition of practical competencies being the keystone of postgraduate medical education, postgraduate training is skills oriented.
• Learning in postgraduate program is essentially self-directed and primarily emanating from clinical and academic work. The formal sessions are merely meant to supplement this core effort.

 

4.2 Teaching sessions

• All postgraduates are supposed to take undergraduate teaching in the form of small group discussions, dissection demonstrations, slide demonstrations, osteology  & embryology teachings on specimens and models, surface marking and radiology.
• All postgraduates have to actively participate in PG teaching sessions which include Dissection discussion, P.G. Class, Histology slides discussion/ preparation, Seminar, Journal club and Central teaching sessions. In addition they take part in horizontal and vertical integrated teaching programmes.

 

 Essential skills

•  Have skill to look up references from journals and present seminars. 
•  Have computer skills.
•  Embalm Cadavers after independently preparing embalming fluid.
•  Collect tissues for histology, preserve, process for paraffin block and sectioning, staining      with H&E and other special stains as laid down in curriculum, mount and identify.

 

4.3 Teaching schedule

Suggested weekly schedules will be as follows:-

1. Dissection discussion                       Once a week
2. P.G. Class                                                                              Once a week
3. Histology slides discussion/ preparation                             Once a week
4. Seminar                                                                                              Once a week
5. Journal club                                                                           Once a week
6. Central teaching sessions      Once a week 5. Postings

All P.G’s should be rotated to related clinical specialties for in-depth knowledge of clinical application of anatomy. 

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6. Thesis

6.1. Every candidate shall carry out work on an assigned research project under the guidance of a recognized postgraduate teacher. The project shall be written & submitted in the form of a thesis.

6.2. Every candidate shall submit thesis plan to the university within the time frame given by the university.

6.3. Thesis shall be submitted to the university six months before the commencement of theory examination, i.e. for examination May/June session, 30^th November of the preceding year of examination and for November/ December session, 31st May of the year of examination.

6.4. The students will (i) Identify a relevant research question;(ii) conduct a critical review of literature;(iii) formulate a hypothesis;(iv) determine the most suitable study design; (v) state the objective of the study; (vi) prepare a study protocol; (vii) undertake a study according to the protocol; (viii) analyze and interpret research data, and draw conclusion; (ix) write a research paper.

 

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7. Assessment

• All the PG residents are assessed daily for their academic activities and also periodically

.

7.1. General Principles

•  The assessment is valid, objective and reliable.
•  It covers cognitive, psychomotor and affective domains.
• Formative, continuing and summative (final) assessment is also conducted in theory as well as practical/clinicals. In addition, thesis is also assessed separately.

 

7.2. Formative Assessment

• The formative assessment is continuous as well as end-of - term. The former is to be based on the feedback from the senior residents and the consultants concerned. End of term assessment is held at the end of each semester (upto 5^th semester). Formative assessment will not count towards pass/fail at the end of the programme, but will provide feedback to the candidate.

 

7.3 Internal Assessment

• The performance of the Postgraduate student during the training period should be monitored throughout the course and duly recorded in the log books as evidence of the ability and daily work of the student. Marks should be allotted out of 100 as followed.

                             Sr. No.                      Items                                                         Marks

1. Personal Attributes                                        20
2. Practical Work                                                           20
3. Academic activities                                      20
4. End of term theory examination                   20
5. End of term practical examination              20         

1. Personal attributes:

 Behavior and Emotional Stability: Dependable, disciplined, dedicated, stable in emergency situations shows positive approach.

 Motivation and Initiative: Takes on responsibility, innovative, enterprising, does not shirk duties or leave any work pending.

 Honesty and Integrity: Truthful, admits mistakes, does not cook up information, has ethical conduct, exhibits good moral values, loyal to the institution.  

 Interpersonal Skills and Leadership Quality: Gets on well with colleagues and paramedical staff, is respectful to seniors, has good communication skills. 

 

2. Practical Work:

 Availability: Punctual, available continuously on duty, responds promptly on assignments and takes proper permission for leave. 

 Diligence: Dedicated, hardworking, does not shirk duties, leaves no work pending, does not sit idle, competent in practical work.

 Academic ability: Intelligent, shows sound knowledge and skills, participates adequately in academic activities, and performs well in oral presentation and departmental tests.  

 Performance: Proficient in presentations and discussion during academic sessions in the department.

 

3. Academic Activity: Performance during presentation at Journal club/ Seminar/ Case discussion/ Stat meeting and other academic sessions. Proficiency in skills as mentioned in job responsibilities.  

 

4. End of term theory examinations conducted at end of 1^st, 2^nd year and after 2 years 9 months.

 

5. End of term practical/oral examinations after 2 years 9 months.

 

  Marks for personal attributes and work done should be given annually by all the consultants under whom the resident was posted during the year. Average of the three years should be put as the final marks out of 20.

 

Marks for academic activity should be given by the all consultants who have attended the session presented by the residents. 

 

 The Internal assessment should be presented to the Board of examiners for due consideration at the time of Final Examinations. 

 

7.4 Summative Assessment 

•  Ratio of marks in theory & practical will be equal.
•  The pass percentage will be 50%.
• Candidate will have to pass theory and practical  examinations separately

 

A. Theory  Examination (Total = 400)

Paper            Title                                                                               Marks
Paper I                Anatomy as applied to various clinical disciplines	100
including Radiological & forensic anatomy
Paper II              Gross human Anatomy including comparative	100
Anatomy
Paper III             Developmental & Microanatomy including	100
elementary genetics
Paper IV             Neuroanatomy & recent advances in anatomy	100
B. Practical & Viva voice Examination(Total = 400)
Dissection of any given area followed by viva voce examination	125
Histology	125

                        Tissue processing followed by viva voce                  

 Identify 10 Histology slides and Viva voce. 

                       Microteaching on the given topic for 15 mins.                                  50

 

• Viva voce examination will be conducted at four stations independently by four examiners covering non-overlapping portions of the entire subject, including bones,
• gross anatomy including neuroanatomy, sectional anatomy, embryology models, radiology, surface marking and genetics.                     

                                                                                                                               100

8. Job responsibilities

For teaching              

•  Be able to take a class using audiovisual aids right from blackboard & chalk to that with laptop & multimedia projection 
•  Should be able to make good museum specimens.
•  Should be able to take short lectures under senior teacher’s supervision.
•  Should be well versant with all Radiological & Imaging techniques.
•  Should have learnt to make PowerPoint presentations.
•  Should have learned to make multiple-choice questions.
•  The P.G student must attend all undergraduate theory and practical classes.  They must play an active role in table teaching in all practical classes

 

For research work

•  Have skill to look up references from journals and present seminars. 
•  Have Computer skills.
• Candidates will be expected to be familiar with standard methods of preparing a bibliography and for preparing manuscripts and illustrations for publications.

 

Essential skills

 Embalm Cadavers after independently preparing embalming fluid.

 Collect tissues for histology, preserve, process for paraffin block and sectioning, staining with    H&E and other special stains as laid down in curriculum, mount and identify.  

 

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